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Fredmund Malik (born September 1, 1944 in Lustenau, Vorarlberg) is an Austrian economist with focus on management science and the founder and chairman of a management consultancy in St. Gallen.〔Die Schweizerische Post: (Interview with Fredmund Malik ) of August 12, 2009, last accessed 21 July 2013.〕〔Malik Management: (Unternehmen – Geschichtlicher Abriss ) last accessessed 21 July 2013.〕 Malik applies systems theory and cybernetics to analyse and design management systems. From 1974 to 2004 he was teaching at the University of St. Gallen, where he is titular professor for general management, leadership and governance. == Biography == Malik studied economics, social sciences, logic and philosophy of science at the universities of Innsbruck and St. Gallen〔(''Fredmund Malik Biographie'' ) last accessed 21 July 2013.〕 He earned his doctoral degree in 1975 at the University of St. Gallen, where he habilitated in 1978 for managerial economics. From 1978 to 1986, he was associate professor for managerial economics at the University of St. Gallen. From 1979 to 1984 he was also member of the board of the School of Management at University of St. Gallen. For many years, he worked closely with Hans Ulrich, the founder of the St. Gallen Management Model. From 1981 to 1982 he was guest professor at the University of Innsbruck. In 1986 he was appointed titular professor at University of St. Gallen. From 1992 to 1997 he was guest professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. Since 1977 he is also chairman of the Management Zentrum St. Gallen. Malik analyses complexity by applying management cybernetics in an interdisciplinary combination of methods and on the basis of different philosophies of science. Malik is author of numerous writings on management theory, general management, strategy and human resource development. He is regarded as a generalist and besides his theoretical background, he gained practical experience as management consultant, management educator and entrepreneur, and as member and chairman of several supervisory bodies. In particular, he aims at effective management action and applies cybernetics to management practice. From his wholistic, system-oriented standpoint, he criticizes pure shareholder value orientation and education programs in business administration that in his opinion mostly teach too limited views on economics and management.〔Handelsblatt: (Interview with Fredmund Malik ) of January 17, 2010, last accessed 21 July 2013.〕 He argues that applying the laws, models and methods of management cybernetics, enables an organization to function more effective- and efficiently. With this knowledge of cybernetics applied in any societal organization including the political sphere, he asserts that a “New World of Functioning” can be achieved that will benefit all society.〔Fredmund Malik: "Strategy: Navigating in the New World", 2011, in German: ISBN 978-3-593-38287-6〕 From 1984 on Malik is an Austrian honorary consul in Switzerland for the cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gallen.〔(since 26 October 1984 Malik is an Austrian honorary consul in Switzerland )〕〔(honorary consulate )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fredmund Malik」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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